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Archaeogenetic History of the Atlantic Europeans - M45 to M173 (Haplogroup R1), M173 to M343 (Haplogroup R1b), M343 to P5 (Haplogroup R1b1)
The Saga of West Europeans ( close to the Atlantic Ocean ), their Archaeogenetics
Taken from a long article here :
Ancient Ancestry of the Descendants of Robert Cushman of Kent
Some excerpts :
Marker M45 appeared about 35,000 to 40,000 years ago in a man who became the common ancestor of most Europeans and nearly all Native Americans. This unique individual was part of the M9 lineage, which was moving to the north of the mountainous Hindu Kush and onto the game-rich steppes of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and southern Siberia.
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Marker M173 (Haplogroup R1) emerged among a westward movement of Central Asian steppe hunters defined by M45. The descendants of M173 arrived in Europe around 35,000 years ago and immediately began to make their own dramatic mark on the continent.
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M343 (Haplogroup R1b) first appears 35,000 years ago. People defined by marker M343, are descended from ancestral M173 peoples, as are people with the P25 marker.
Eighteen thousand years ago, half of the land mass of Great Britain was covered by ice. The rest was uninhabitable. The last glacial ice age maximum forced our ancestors south to the Iberian Peninsula, in the extreme southwest of Europe. There, between 30,000 and 15,000 years ago, as Europe moved into the depths of the last ice age, there was a substantial reduction in population size. It was followed by a population expansion from the few survivors of the last ice age.
By 10,000 as the ice retreated, they moved north out of this isolated refuge, colonized what was still the extreme-north-western peninsula of the Eurasian land mass, and left an enduring, concentrated trail of the M173 marker every place they went.
Today, M343 (R1b) is the most frequent Y-chromosome haplogroup in Europe, and is particularly concentrated along the western seaboard of Europe - Portugal to Norway including the British Isles-and extending inland to the German/Poland border. In Southern England, the frequency of R1b is about 70% 5 and in parts of Spain, Portugal and Ireland, it is as high as 90%.
Scientists are now subdividing this large R1b haplogroup into smaller classifications. Over time, we can expect further refinement of the twigs and branches of the R1b tree.
For example, geneticists have recently discovered that P25 is downstream from M343 and, therefore, many people who were formerly classified as R1b, including the author, are now classified as haplogroup R1b1.
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Archaeogenetic History of the Atlantic Europeans - M45 to M173 (Haplogroup R1), M173 to M343 (Haplogroup R1b), M343 to P5 (Haplogroup R1b1)
The Saga of West Europeans ( close to the Atlantic Ocean ), their Archaeogenetics
Taken from a long article here :
Ancient Ancestry of the Descendants of Robert Cushman of Kent
Some excerpts :
Marker M45 appeared about 35,000 to 40,000 years ago in a man who became the common ancestor of most Europeans and nearly all Native Americans. This unique individual was part of the M9 lineage, which was moving to the north of the mountainous Hindu Kush and onto the game-rich steppes of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and southern Siberia.
...........................
Marker M173 (Haplogroup R1) emerged among a westward movement of Central Asian steppe hunters defined by M45. The descendants of M173 arrived in Europe around 35,000 years ago and immediately began to make their own dramatic mark on the continent.
................................
M343 (Haplogroup R1b) first appears 35,000 years ago. People defined by marker M343, are descended from ancestral M173 peoples, as are people with the P25 marker.
Eighteen thousand years ago, half of the land mass of Great Britain was covered by ice. The rest was uninhabitable. The last glacial ice age maximum forced our ancestors south to the Iberian Peninsula, in the extreme southwest of Europe. There, between 30,000 and 15,000 years ago, as Europe moved into the depths of the last ice age, there was a substantial reduction in population size. It was followed by a population expansion from the few survivors of the last ice age.
By 10,000 as the ice retreated, they moved north out of this isolated refuge, colonized what was still the extreme-north-western peninsula of the Eurasian land mass, and left an enduring, concentrated trail of the M173 marker every place they went.
Today, M343 (R1b) is the most frequent Y-chromosome haplogroup in Europe, and is particularly concentrated along the western seaboard of Europe - Portugal to Norway including the British Isles-and extending inland to the German/Poland border. In Southern England, the frequency of R1b is about 70% 5 and in parts of Spain, Portugal and Ireland, it is as high as 90%.
Scientists are now subdividing this large R1b haplogroup into smaller classifications. Over time, we can expect further refinement of the twigs and branches of the R1b tree.
For example, geneticists have recently discovered that P25 is downstream from M343 and, therefore, many people who were formerly classified as R1b, including the author, are now classified as haplogroup R1b1.
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